More than 10,000 yuan per mu! Have you learned how to improve the model with low cost and strong stimulation effect?
The yield of fish per mu reaches 10,000 jin; A mu of water than the original earn more than 10,000 yuan; No longer all day to change the bottom, disinfection, culture of bacteria and other water transfer process busy draw out; The fishing operation can be easily completed by one or two people; Traditional earth ponds can be completed with a little improvement. Safety and environmental protection in line with the national policy, such obvious advantages are you tempted? During my visit to Hubei province, the author had the honor to visit a professor from Wuhan University, who and his team developed the "zero-emission captive green breeding" technology of recirculating aquaculture, which is bringing new benefits to traditional tuang farmers.
Tutang upgrade is imminent
As is known to all, in China's aquaculture model, the traditional tutang farming model accounts for the largest proportion. According to data statistics, the total output of pond farming in 2019 has reached 24.804 million tons, accounting for 48.84% of the total aquaculture output. It can be said that tutang farming occupies half of China's aquaculture. However, with the progress of The Times, both crops and livestock and poultry in the agricultural industry are making continuous progress, mechanized operation throughout the whole breeding process, while the fishing industry is still stagnant. With the "fourteenth Five-year plan" and the launch of the "five major actions", the traditional fishery breeding model is in urgent need of transformation and upgrading, the development of the fishery is in an important stage of transformation, from large to small to individual farmers, are in urgent need of solutions, and one of the solutions, now present in front of you, and listen to the author carefully.
What is the problem with tutong culture
At present, the density of traditional soil pond farming is getting higher and higher, and the feeding amount is also increasing, and the following problem is the accumulation of residual bait, excrement and harmful nitrogen. But the traditional soil pond does not set up the sewage system, the water pollution and the disease problem is more and more serious, has a great impact on the breeding efficiency. In addition, the country's increasing attention to environmental protection issues, the high demand for green products made the problem of soil pond more prominent, a large number of use of water diversion products is not enough to support the current situation, "treating the symptoms, not the root cause" even slightly "waste money". In order to solve the problem from the root, promote the green development of aquaculture, in line with the idea of "always clean", "captive mode" emerged.
Years of trial, radiation throughout the country
Many provinces, technology tends to mature
Circulating water breeding "captive model" that takes the form of cone bottom barrel, planning a piece in the pond water intensive farming, through pollution waste residue of the barrel such as bait always recycle separation, dissolved nitrogen through the wetland system circulation flow back to the pond again make harmful substances shall not exceed the water self-purification ability, to achieve a green ecological aquaculture water recycling model, Experimental results show that the efficiency of collection can reach more than 90%. It is reported that the "captive breeding mode" has been on trial for many years. According to the professor, the "captive breeding mode" of circulating aquaculture began a small trial from 2017, and a pilot trial from 2018 to 2020 to test its sewage capacity and breeding effect. During this period, nine provinces nationwide put into trial, with more than 400 "circles" in total, and it will be officially promoted in June 2020. By the end of December 2020, more than 1,300 "circles" had been put into use, covering 11 provinces across the country, with trials as far north as Cangzhou in Hebei province and as far south as Hainan. At present, one "circle" covers an area of 25m2 on the water surface. According to the experiment, 4 "circles" are formed into a group, and 1 group is the most suitable for 1 mu of water surface. In the outer pond, three methods of planting bottom-grown aquatic plants, biofilm technology and feeding of silver carp are used to improve the water self-purification ability. Such as California perch, gRASs carp, long-snout catfish, flower 䱻 and other breeding technologies are relatively mature, and further experiments and exploration are needed for crustaceans.
Green, high quality,
High efficiency and reproducibility
Professor introduced to in the interview, through the experiment to determine the reasonable breeding density, keep the pond water quality clean, not because the space is not only results in the decrease of the quality of the fish, but can let the fish body good, quality is more close to the reservoir effect, and by all the pollution can make water is in a state of good for a long time, the water body pollution sources "cut off" fundamentally guarantee the health, The whole process does not need the intervention of water transfer products, relying on the self-purification ability of water bodies. Because of the intervention of sewage device, the water body does not need to cultivate bacteria and algae deliberately. The "clean water" with low abundance of bacteria and algae can ensure the stability of water body to achieve the effect of not changing water for many years. Stable and healthy water body can reduce the occurrence of diseases and produce low smell of fish. The gas in the oxygenation process of the oxygenation equipment is promoted to form the circulating water inside and outside the "circle", which is also more energy saving.
According to the pilot phase of the aquaculture, the model is suitable for all kinds of the size of the pond, and convenient, only need to plan out the part of reform can be put into use, the construction cost of all cost to build up a set of equipment on the average only 80000 yuan, according to the breeding areas such as the difference between difference is controlled in 10000 yuan, and this year is expected to take the lead in hubei province into agricultural subsidies, After approval, the cost will be reduced by another 20,000 yuan or so. The feed cost is the biggest part of the operating cost. Taking bass as an example, the current experiment proves that the feed coefficient of this model is lower than 0.9, which is about 0.1-0.2 lower than that of traditional soil pond. On the other hand, this model seems to increase oxygen 24 hours, but the oxygen increase is more concentrated, and the energy consumption allocated to the production of each kilogram of fish is not higher than that of the traditional earth pond. Experimental data show that the power consumption of "captive mode" is between 1.5-1.8 degrees, and that of free-range fish is between 1.6-1.8 degrees. In addition, the per-mu yield of this model can reach 10,000 jin, and it can be fed normally on rainy days.
Continue to optimize, bring more benefits
Of course, this is not the end of the "captive mode", professor's team is continuing to optimize the solution, the first is the innovation of oxygen, his team is looking for more efficient ways to increase oxygen. At present, air compressor microhole explosion is used to increase oxygen, but the oxygen content in the air only takes up 21%. If pure oxygen or more efficient oxygen increase method is adopted, the energy consumption of oxygen increase per unit fish body will be further reduced. A better oxygen increase method - pure oxygen dissolved oxygen device can be chosen. In addition to increasing oxygen, the professor's team is still trying to cultivate more varieties of breeding modes, and give reasonable breeding schemes to help farmers maximize benefits. "Captive" areas are also available in both fixed and floating forms to cope with different breeding conditions. In terms of tail water treatment, a three-level wetland system is currently adopted to improve tail water treatment efficiency, and the process is still in continuous improvement. Management is also closer to the direction of intelligence and mechanization, from daily management to fishing. By replacing labor with machinery, labor costs are saved and more efficient.
Provide a platform to promote the development of the industry
The professor said to me: "The whole agricultural development are gradually to modernization, basic can do the entire crop from planting to harvest mechanization operation, pigs, chickens can live in building, and aquaculture itself has lagged a lot, also continue to modernization in the direction of future standardization cultivation, circulating water aquaculture 'captive model provides such a scheme and platform, Let traditional free range farming have a standardized basis, but also for equipment, feed and other related industries to provide a standardized platform, so that the industry has a comprehensive progress." Just as Professor He said, the progress of the industry is not just unilateral progress in a certain direction, the cultivation mode, equipment, feed and so on, mutual intersection, common progress can promote the progress of the industry, in all aquatic people's continuous efforts, the industry will develop in a better direction.
